Gyvenimiški sunkumai turi žmogų padaryti stipresniu, jį užgrūdinti. Taip skelbia daugelis religijų ir ideologijų. Manoma, kad žmogui skiriamos tam tikros problemos, kad jis vystytųsi ir taptų geresniu.
Tačiau yra žmonių, kurie užsiciklina ties savo išgyvenimais: jie visą laiką nepatenkinti, nelaimingi ir liūdni, jiems gyvenime viskas blogai – net ir tuo atveju, jei gerai: tai jie priima kaip tam tikrą nesusipratimą, kadangi už laimę teks susimokėti (jie taip mano).
Kaip bendrauti su tokiais žmonėmis? Kodėl jie taip elgiasi? Ar reikia jų gailėti ir bandyti juos suprasti? Ar galima juos „pakeisti“, parodyti geresnę ateitį? Pateikiame pastebėjimus apie tokių žmonių elgesio modelius, remiantis bendravimu su jais ir terapija.
1. Manipuliacija, siekiant gauti patvirtinimą – „viskas blogai“
Ar dažnai jums yra tekę susidurti su žmonėmis, kurie, atėję į draugišką vakarėlį, jį paverčia juodu beviltišku susibūrimu? Draugas (draugė) iš pradžių nenorom, o vėliau su vis augančia emocijų amplitude kalba apie tai, kad „nėra išeities“. Ir tai tęsiasi kiekviename vakarėlyje. Kažkuriuo momentu imi mąstyti, kad kažkas čia ne taip. Į visus pasiūlymus bei problemos sprendimo variantus žmogus net nepabandęs iškart atsako „ne“. „Tu nesupranti“, „aš tai jau bandžiau“, „tai nepadės“ - panašios frazės kaip verpetas įtraukia, ir tu pajunti norą vis labiau įtikinėti. Dažnai tas noras „atsispindi“ veide ir pašnekovas sako: „Oi, kaip aš tave nukankinau, atleisk, nenorėjau“, – ir tuoj pat tau kyla kaltės jausmas dėl savo „beverčių“ minčių.
Kodėl tai vyksta?
Tas draugas (draugė) dažniausiai nesąmoningai gauna dėmesio ir leidimą nieko neveikti. Kadangi sąmonę turi visi, žmogus kažkuriuo momentu, likęs vienas, ima suvokti, kad jis tiesiog nieko nekeičia savo gyvenime ir kad bet koks sprendimas reikalauja per daug pastangų.
Pabendravęs su jumis ir gavęs patvirtinimą, kad „viskas blogai“, „draugas“ gali ramiai eiti namo ir be sąžinės graužimo toliau gyventi pagal savo scenarijų. Kartu pasakotojas jums „nuleido“ visą sukauptą negatyvą, pasikrovė energija ir todėl pakankamai normaliai gali gyventi toliau.
2. Manipuliacija, siekiant save įprasminti
Pažįstamas (a) susitinka su jumis ir klausinėja apie jūsų gyvenimą. Tam tikru momentu jūs papasakosite apie savo pasiekimus arba ką nors teigiamo, kas su jumis atsitiko. Ir tada atsiranda maždaug tokios frazės: „Matai, kaip tau sekasi“, „o, kaip tau padeda“, „o, koks geras tavo vyras (žmona, draugas, tėvas) “,‘ „sekasi gi tau, turi būstą (darbą, mašiną, namą ir kt.)“. Jūs imate jaustis esąs kaltas. Kodėl? Už ką? Dėl tokių pokalbių nebesinori dalintis savo patirtimi ir nejučia imi prisiminti, kad ir tau yra blogai.
Kodėl tai vyksta?
Ir vėl dažniausiai nesąmoningai žmogus bando jums parodyti, kad jūsų pergalės ir pasiekimai yra neužtarnauti. Tokiu būdu jis įtvirtina savo „Aš“, patvirtina „globalios neteisybės“ teoriją ir atsikrato atsakomybės už savo asmeninį gyvenimą ir savo vaidmenį jame.
3. „Blogasis“ manipuliatorius
Ši asmenybė yra gana intelektuali, ji atvirai ne tik kad savęs nevadina auka, o dar ir įsižeistų, jei su ja būtų elgiamasi kaip su auka. Pokalbio metu į bet kokį prašymą ar pastabą jis dažniausiai reaguoja fraze: „Ko tu iš manęs nori, aš gi blogietis (ė)“. Apie santykius toks asmuo gali sakyti: „Su minimi tau nieko nepavyks, aš esu sugadintas (a)“, „matai, dabar tu įsižeidei, aš juk sakiau“, „man geriau būti vienam (ai)“, „niekas tokio (ios) kaip aš nepamils“, „aš nenormalus (i)“ ir kt. Ir jūs tuoj pat bandote perkalbėti žmogų: „Ne, ką tu, tavęs tiesiog neįvertino, nesuprato“ ir pan. , „Tavo partneris – kvailys (ė), „aš tave suprantu“.
Kodėl tai vyksta?
Toks žmogus dažniausiai save pateikia kaip nelaimingos meilės, aplinkybių, blogų santykių su tėvais auką. Jis atvirai nepretenduoja į užuojautą, agresyviai reaguoja į nuoširdžią užuojautą, bet nuolat tvirtina esąs „blogas“. Tokiu būdu jis gauna savo unikalumo, ypatingumo patvirtinimą ir vėl nusikrato atsakomybės už santykius. Juk jis iš anksto sakė esąs blogas! Ką iš tokio paimsi! Jūs patys kalti. Patys prisiprašėte. Ir tam tikra prasme jis teisus, nes iš tiesų jis įspėjo.
Kaip gi elgtis su tokiais žmonėmis?
Paskutinis atvejis labai gerai iliustruoja vadinamojo Karpmano trikampio žaidimą – žmonių tarpusavio santykių modelį. Remiantis šia teorija, bendravimas vyksta, pasidalinus vaidmenimis: gelbėtojas – persekiotojas – auka. Jei jūs bendraujate su „auka“, tai jūs atliekate „gelbėtojo“ vaidmenį, o visuomenė, gyvenimas, aplinkybės tampa „persekiotoju“.
Norint išeiti iš situacijos, svarbu pripažinti savo vaidmenį ir norėti baigti žaidimą. Trikampio modelis pavojingas dėl to, kad gelbėtojas dažnai tampa persekiotoju, auka – gelbėtoju, persekiotojas – auka ir t.t. Vadinasi, jei prieš jus esantis žmogus yra auka – kažkuriuo momentu jis tampa persekiotoju, kažkuriuo – gelbėtoju ir jis turi visas galimybes išspręsti problemą. Jūsų „gelbėtojiška“ pozicija dažniausiai jus padaro to paties žmogaus auka, kadangi dėl manipuliacijų jūs prarandate pasitikėjimą savimi, energiją arba pagarbą.
Jeigu jūs pasirengęs atsisakyti žaisti šiuos žaidimus, atsakykite sau į klausimus:
- kam man reikalingas šis žmogus?
- ką aš gaunu iš šio bendravimo?
- kaip aš norėčiau elgtis su tuo žmogumi?
- ar įmanoma su juo bendrauti kitaip?
- ar aš pasirengęs (uis) skirti savo jėgas, spręsdamas kito žmogaus problemas? kodėl aš turiu klausytis jo istorijos?
Tokiame bendravime svarbiausia – būti sąžiningam prieš save patį. Tik sau pripažinęs savo „gelbėtojo“ (pavyzdžiui) norus, įmanoma atsisakyti vaidmens ir išsivaduoti iš scenarijaus.
Ar būtina nutraukti su tokiu žmogumi ryšius? O jei tai artimas giminaitis ar partneris? Tada būtina suprasti, kad jūs nesate atsakingas už kito žmogaus gyvenimą, jei tai ne jūsų nepilnametis vaikas. Kiekvienas žmogus turi savo gyvenimo užduotį ir jūs neturite teisės nuspręsti už jį, net jei jums atrodo, kad jūs geriau žinote, kaip pasielgti.
Jei bendravimo neįmanoma atsisakyti, tada pašnekovui užduokite tiesius klausimus:
- kuo konkrečiai aš galiu tau padėti?
- ką tu pats gali padaryti?
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